Photo: Tristan Russell, [CC BY-SA](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/). Retrieved from theconversation.com Owing to its violent political history, West Papua’s vibrant human past has long been ignored. Unlike its neighbour, the independent country of Papua New Guinea, West Papua’s cultural history is poorly understood. But now, for the first time, we have recorded this history in detail, shedding light on 50 millennia of untold stories of social change. By examining the territory’s archaeology, anthropology and linguistics, our [new book](https://doi.org/10.22459/TA58.2024) fits together the missing puzzle pieces in Australasia’s human history. The book is the first to celebrate West Papua’s deep past, involving authors from West Papua itself, as well as Indonesia, Australasia and beyond. The new evidence shows West Papua is central to understanding how humans moved from Eurasia into the Australasian region, how they adapted to challenging new environments, independently developed agriculture, exchanged genes and languages, and traded exquisitely crafted objects. During the Pleistocene epoch (2.5 million to 12,000 years ago), West Papua was connected to Australia in a massive continent called [Sahul](https://theconversation.com/we-reconstructed-landscapes-that-greeted-the-first-humans-in-australia-around-65-000-years-ago-228274). Archaeological evidence from the limestone chamber of Mololo Cave shows some of the first people to settle Sahul arrived on the shores of present-day West Papua. There they quickly adapted to a host of new ecologies.
